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    • One interesting finding of this

    2018-10-22

    One interesting finding of this study that is noteworthy has to do with the observation indicating that despite the fact that most of the buildings sampled have external doors made up of steel and burglary proof windows, the respondents appear to be dissatisfied with the general security situation in their dwelling units. This is seen in Table 2, which also shows that the level of security in the buildings contributed minimally to the performance of the buildings; suggesting that security of life and property in the housing estates is a major issue of concern to the residents. Also important is the result of the performance of the number of bedrooms in the buildings and the design of the buildings in relation to the natural way of life (convenience) of the occupants. This may be explained in the context of the result, which also shows that about 45% of the respondents wanted additional spaces for shops, outdoor cooking, laundry and guest/visitors. This result is definitely not unconnected with the fact that most of the respondents have household size of more than three persons, and the houses are mostly 2- and 3-bedroom apartments. This means that these sizes of dwelling units are inadequate in meeting the needs of bcl-xl inhibitor with large household size. Therefore, in terms of providing adequate sleeping areas for the residents, the buildings performed below the expectations of the respondents. In view of this result, it is expected that in the next few years, some of the buildings sampled will most likely under physical transformations or modifications, which will have adverse social and environmental implications, if urgent steps are not taken to prevent these in the housing estates. The study also found out that, the respondents construed the concept of satisfaction with residential buildings based on five key dimensions as listed in Table 3. The three most important dimensions being the type, location and aesthetic appearance of the buildings, sizes of main activity areas and level of illumination, thermal and visual comfort in the buildings. In order words these are the most important factors that determine satisfaction with residential buildings in public housing estates in the study area. This result is not out of place because these are the critical aspects of buildings that have significant influence on the well-being, health and productivity of occupants/users. Therefore, in order to achieve optimal user satisfaction and performance of residential buildings in meeting users\' needs and expectations, architects and other professionals involved in the building industry should give adequate attention to these dimensions of building in the design, planning and construction of housing projects in Nigeria.
    Conclusions
    Acknowledgements
    Introduction It has been widely accepted that China\'s modern times began along with the first Opium War (1840–1842), and ended in 1949 when the People\'s Republic of China was founded. The history before 1949 belongs to “feudal times,” while the period after 1949 up to now is called contemporary history, describing the span of historical events that are immediately relevant to the present time under the Communist regime. As such, Chinese modern times (jindai) is a specific concept referring to the period between 1840 and 1949 (Liangyu, 2002). It is now crystal that various projects in Chinese modern times are part of the longer process of modernization to build a strong and wealthy state that is still ongoing nowadays. The term “modern” contains a larger meaning than that before 1949. Therefore, in order to acknowledge this fact and reduce confusion among audience outside China, “early modern times” is used to translate the Chinese expression of jindai in this paper, which deals with the history between 1840 and 1949.
    Relevant research before the 1980s In 1944, Liang Sicheng, the founding father of the discipline of Chinese architectural history, finished his landmark book History of Chinese Architecture. In its last chapter, titled “Conclusions—Architecture in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic,” Liang (2001) gave a concise summary of the recent practice of modern architecture in China. This is an early historical account of modern Chinese architecture.